Understand how interpreted and JIT-compiled languages execute. Build a bytecode VM from scratch, explore CPython and JVM internals, understand WebAssembly, and learn emulation by building CHIP-8 and console emulators.
Build a complete bytecode virtual machine from scratch. Design an instruction set, implement a stack-based interpreter, add control flow, functions, closures, a compiler, GC, JIT, and coroutines.
Understand the reference implementation of Python. Read CPython source code, trace function calls through the eval loop, understand the GIL, implement C extensions, and explore memory management.
Difficulty Progression
Understand how Java bytecode runs. Inspect bytecode with javap, parse .class files, build a minimal JVM, understand class loading, JIT compilation tiers, and garbage collection.