The Graphics Pipeline: From Vertices to Pixels

Write a C program that documents and simulates the graphics pipeline stages for a single triangle.

Requirements:

• Define a struct Vertex with position (x, y, z) and color (r, g, b)
• Define three vertices forming a triangle
• Simulate the Vertex Shader stage: apply a simple transformation (scale by 2, translate by 1)
• Simulate the Rasterization stage: calculate the axis-aligned bounding box of the triangle in screen space (assume integer coordinates 0-99)
• Simulate the Fragment Shader stage: for each pixel in the bounding box, compute barycentric coordinates and determine if the pixel is inside the triangle. If inside, interpolate the vertex colors.
• Simulate the Output Merger: write the final color to a 10x10 pixel framebuffer (use a 2D array), initialized to black
• Print the framebuffer as ASCII art: use '#' for non-black pixels and '.' for black
• Print a pipeline summary showing: vertices in, fragments generated, fragments inside triangle, pixels written
• Label each stage in the output (Vertex Input, Vertex Shader, Rasterizer, Fragment Shader, Output Merger)