I/O Size vs Latency: Amortizing Seek Time

Write a C program that models how I/O size affects throughput on HDDs and SSDs.

Requirements:

• Define HDD: seek=8.5ms, rotation_avg=4.17ms, seq_bandwidth_mbps=150
• Define SSD: random_read_us=50, page_size_kb=16, seq_bandwidth_mbps=500
• For I/O sizes: 4KB, 8KB, 16KB, 64KB, 256KB, 1MB:
  • Calculate HDD latency = seek + rotation + (size / bandwidth)
  • Calculate HDD throughput = size / latency (in MB/s)
  • Calculate SSD latency (random read) = max(read_us, size / bandwidth_in_us)
  • Calculate SSD throughput = size / latency (in MB/s)
• Print a table: Size | HDD Latency (ms) | HDD Throughput | SSD Latency (us) | SSD Throughput
• Calculate the "amortization factor": throughput at 1MB / throughput at 4KB for each device
• Print which device benefits more from larger I/O sizes and why
• Include a note about why database page sizes are typically 4KB-16KB