HDD vs SSD: Modeling Physical Storage Latency

Write a C program that models HDD and SSD latency for different access patterns.

Requirements:

• Define HDD constants: seek_avg_ms=8.5, rotation_rpm=7200, sequential_mb_per_s=150
• Define SSD constants: read_us=50, write_us=300, erase_ms=2, page_size_kb=4, block_size_kb=256
• For an HDD, calculate latency for:
  • Random 4KB read: seek + rotation + transfer
  • Sequential 1MB read: first random + sequential transfer of remainder
  • Random 4KB write: same as read (HDD writes are symmetric)
• For an SSD, calculate latency for:
  • Random 4KB read: read time
  • Random 4KB write: read old page + erase block + write new page (simplified model)
  • Sequential 1MB write: 1MB / page_size writes, but some can be batched
• Calculate IOPS for random 4KB reads on both devices
• Print a comparison table: Device | Random Read Latency | Random Write Latency | Sequential Read 1MB | IOPS (4KB random)
• Include a note about why databases on HDDs need caching and sequential layouts