Trigger and Diagnose a Stack Buffer Overflow

Implement a C program that demonstrates a stack buffer overflow.

Requirements:

• Create a function with a local char buffer (e.g., char buf[16])
• Use gets() or strcpy() to write more data than the buffer holds
• Print the conceptual stack layout before and after overflow
• Show what memory regions get corrupted
• Explain the sequence of bytes that overwrite the return address
• Document why this is dangerous

Success Criteria:

• Program demonstrates buffer overflow concept
• Stack layout is explained in output
• Corruption of return address is documented