Understand Stack Canaries and How They Detect Overflows

Implement a C program that demonstrates stack canaries.

Requirements:

• Show how a canary is placed between buffer and return address
• Demonstrate a buffer overflow that corrupts the canary
• Show what happens when __stack_chk_fail detects corruption
• Explain the difference between a corrupted canary and an intact one
• Document how -fstack-protector inserts checks automatically

Success Criteria:

• Stack canary concept is explained in output
• Corrupted canary scenario is documented
• __stack_chk_fail behavior is described